A drug dispensing-tracking device configured in the form of at least one of a cover, a sleeve, and a cap, and configured to connect with a drug-injection or storage device. The tracking device may comprise at least one or more of: an acoustic sensor, a vibration sensor, an optical sensor, an optical-navigation sensor, and a magnetic sensor, and any combination thereof. At least one sensor may be configured to produce at least one respective signal in response to sensing a vibration, a sound, light, movement, and a magnetic field, respectively, produced by the drug-injection device due to an activity of the drug-injection device.
