Disclosed is a mesenchymal cell production method for producing a mesenchymal cell for use in the formation of a tooth, which comprises the steps of: culturing a totipotent stem cell in the presence of a differentiation-inducing agent to produce a differentiation-induced cell population containing a CD44-positive and CD29-positive cell or a CD44-positive and CD106-positive cell and selecting the CD44-positive and CD29-positive cell or the CD44-positive and CD106-positive cell from the differentiation-induced cell population as a tooth-forming mesenchymal cell. Also disclosed is a tooth production method comprising the steps of placing a first cell population comprising substantially only either one of a mesenchymal cell and an epithelial cell and a second cell population comprising substantially only the other in the inside of a carrier which can allow the cells to be contacted with each other in a closely adhered state without mixing them and culturing the cell populations, wherein the mesenchymal cell comprises the tooth-forming mesenchymal cell.
