Expandable prosthetic valve devices for repair or replacement of a native valve in a heart of a patient and associated, systems and methods are disclosed herein. An expandable prosthetic valve device configured in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present technology can include a radially-expandable support having an expandable outer wall and a lumen defined by the outer wall. The device can also include a valve in the lumen and coupled to the support and a self-expanding retainer coupled to the outer wall. The retainer can have a structural braid configured to form a first annular flange on the outer wall of the support, and an occlusive braid configured to reduce blood flow through the retainer.