Provided herein are implantable intervertebral disc devices, and methods of making the same. For example, an implantable intervertebral disc device comprises an engineered annulus fibrosus (AF) scaffold that can mimic its native-like cross alignment of pores/channels within the AF region, and can be served as a scaffolding material for cell and matrix alignment. Accordingly, methods of treating a disease or disorder associated with degeneration of an intervertebral disc in a subject are also provided herein, e.g., by replacing the degenerated intervertebral disc of the subject with an implantable intervertebral disc device described herein.
