An anoscope comprises a graspable portion, arranged for being grasped by an operator, and a body, arranged for being inserted into the terminal tract of the rectum of a patient. A cavity and at least one operating window are made in the body of the anoscope. The anoscope further comprises a housing and a seat, which are comprised in the cavity of the body. The housing is arranged for containing at least one surgical instrument suitable for treating hemorrhoids and the seat is arranged for containing at least one lighting device. A method for treating a hemorrhoid in a patient comprises the following steps: a) Inserting an anoscope into the terminal tract of the rectum of the patient through the anal opening； b) Positioning the body of the anoscope in such a way that an operating window or opening of the anoscope is near a zone of rectal mucosa to be treated, positioned near the hemorrhoids； c) Positioning a surgical instrument suitable for treating hemorrhoids inside the body of the anoscope so as to reach the operating window or opening and, through the operating window or opening, reaching the zone of rectal mucosa to be treated； d) Producing a localized heat in the submucosa of the zone of rectal mucosa to be treated through the surgical instrument, such localized heat being a heat that is limited to the zone of rectal mucosa to be treated； e) Inducing a volume reduction of the hemorrhoid as a result of the localized heat produced.La présente invention concerne un anuscope (1； 1a； 1b) qui comprend une partie saisissable (3) agencée pour être saisie par un opérateur et un corps (2) agencé pour être inséré dans le tractus terminal du rectum d'un patient, une cavité (6) et au moins une fenêtre d'intervention (5) étant réalisée dans ledit corps (2). L'anuscope (1； 1a； 1b) est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de logement (8), qui sont agencés pour contenir au moins un instrument chirurgical (103) approprié pour traiter les hémorroïdes, et des moyens de sièg
