The control of the microbial contamination during the sugar fermentation inthe processes for obtaining alcohol isa very important action to increase the productivity of the alcoholicfermentation processes. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeastcells engage a very tough nutritional competition for the sugarcane juice withthe bacteria (Lactobacillus sp and Acetobacter) andthe wild yeasts. The proposed composition uses an antimicrobial agent of theguanidine family, such as for example, poly(hexamethylbiguanide), an antibiotic agent, and also a surfactant agent, to prevent theundesired microbial growth. The present inventionfurther refers to the process for controlling the microbial contaminationthrough the use of said agents.