The present invention relates to a method for preparing specific microRNA (miRNA) compounds by using test ischemia-reperfusion, test preconditioning and test postconditioning of biological samples, use of the miRNA compounds and nucleic acid encoding them in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions having cytoprotective and/or anti-ischemic effect in ischemic (e.g. cardiac) diseases and said miRNAs and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them for use in related diseases and methods for treatment thereof.
