Disclosed herein is a method for administering compositions. Also disclosed are kits comprising a compound of formula (I) to (V), or an enantiomer, an analog, a derivative, an isomer, prodrug, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in temporal proximity to anesthesia. The methods, compositions and kits provided herein can be used for reducing anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity and post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in a subject.
