This disclosure relates to methods of immunization comprising administering an effective amount of an immunogenic composition comprising an antigen or vaccine and an adjuvant disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the adjuvant is 1,8-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-one or derivative thereof. In certain embodiments, the adjuvant is N-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzamide or derivatives thereof. In certain embodiments, the adjuvant is a fullerene or derivatives thereof, e.g., Fullerene-C60. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to compositions and devices comprising adjuvants disclosed herein.
