Described herein are methods and materials for improving whole body glucose homeostasis in a subject. The methods and materials described herein are useful for preventing, delaying, and/or treating insulin-related diseases and conditions, including but not limited to type I and II diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, insulin resistance, prediabetes, and age-related insulin resistance, by increasing the efficiency of insulin secretion by β cells, and increasing the sensitivity of peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscle and adipose tissues.
