A polarization observation device includes: an image pickup device that photoelectrically converts returned lights from an object a light source section that generates lights in a plurality of wavelength bands different from each other and at least one wavelength selective polarization element that is arranged between the light source section and the image pickup device and separates a predetermined polarization component with respect to light in a specific wavelength band and does not change the polarization component with respect to light in a wavelength band other than the specific wavelength band.
