A medical biological tissue structure, a preparation method therefor and a special apparatus thereof. The medical biological tissue structure includes a hollow tube (801), a functional layer (802) attached to the hollow tube and a synthetic macromolecular protective film (803), wherein the hollow tube (801) is made of biological materials containing cells or without cells, and the functional layer (802) contains or does not contain cells. On the basis of the attachment cross-linking and solidity principle, the hollow tube (801) is firstly extruded out through a special spraying nozzle under the control of a computer, then the biological materials are sprayed and attached to the hollow tube (801) to form the functional layer (802), and then are accumulated layer by layer to form a composite molding body, and finally a synthetic macromolecular solution is sprayed to the outer surface of the composite molding body to form the protective film (803). According to the set molding steps, a three-dimensional structure body containing synthetic macromolecular materials, cells and natural biological materials and having a complicated space shape and a porous structure is finally manufactured. The medical biological tissue structure can be molded at normal temperature, the process is simple, the cell survival rate is high, the cell distribution is even and controllable, and the medical biological tissue structure has a good mechanical property and a good biological property.Linvention concerne une structure médicale de tissu biologique, son procédé de préparation et son appareil spécial. La structure médicale de tissu biologique comprend un tube creux (801), une couche fonctionnelle (802) fixée au tube creux, et un film de protection macromoléculaire synthétique (803), le tube creux (801) étant constitué de matériaux biologiques contenant des cellules ou sans cellules, et la couche fonctionnelle (802) contient ou ne contient pas de cellules. Sur la base du principe de solidité
