Systems and methods for estimating quantitative parameters of a subject from data acquired using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. MR data acquired with an MRI system is provided, which represents a plurality of different signal evolutions acquired using different acquisition parameter settings. An initial dictionary comprising a plurality of signal templates is generated that coarsely sample acquisition parameters used when acquiring the provided MR data. The MR data is compared with the initial dictionary. The quantitative parameters associated with an entry in the initial dictionary are stored as the estimated quantitative parameters when the comparison satisfies a threshold criterion and the initial dictionary is updated when the comparison does not satisfy the threshold criterion.
