An intravascular puncturing system using a shape memory alloy and an application method thereof. The puncturing system comprises a hollow guiding tube (103) and a head portion, wherein the guiding tube (103) is a helical structure made of metal and comprising a plurality of turns of coil, the head portion comprises a petaloid structure (1) capable of opening and closing and a hollow metal helical tube (2) having a plurality of turns of coil, wherein the petaloid structure (1) and the metal helical tube (2) are both made of a shape memory alloy, and the petaloid structure (1) is formed of a plurality of conical segments (100); when the temperature is T1, the pitch between the adjacent two turns of coil of the metal helical tube (2) decreases, and the conical segments (100) of the petaloid structure (1) close; when the temperature is T0, the pitch between the adjacent two turns of coil of the metal helical tube (2) increases, and the conical segments (100) of the petaloid structure (1) open. All components of the puncturing system cooperate with one another, such that the system can travel well in a blood vessel and enables accurate puncturing of a blood vessel wall, realizing effective sampling for biopsy.L'invention concerne un système de perforation intravasculaire utilisant un alliage à mémoire de forme et son procédé d'application. Le système de perforation comprend un tube de guidage creux (103) et une partie tête, le tube de guidage (103) étant une structure hélicoïdale en métal et comprenant une pluralité de spires de bobine, la partie tête comprenant une structure pétaloïde (1) pouvant s'ouvrir et se fermer et un tube hélicoïdal métallique creux (2) ayant une pluralité de spires de bobine, la structure pétaloïde (1) et le tube hélicoïdal métallique (2) étant tous deux constitués d'un alliage à mémoire de forme, et la structure pétaloïde (1) est formée d'une pluralité de segments coniques (100) ; lorsque la température est T1, le pas entre les deux spires adja