The present invention relates to a mobile positive and negative pressure filtering isolation chamber device, which comprises a mobile bed body, an isolation chamber configured on the bed body, and a fan filtering unit configured on the isolation chamber. The isolation chamber forms a sickbed area on the bed body, such that the sickbed area of the bed body may be formed as a slightly positive pressure by the isolation chamber and the fan filtering unit, and the air introduced into the sickbed area is filtered to maintain cleanness of air in the sickbed area. Thus, during a transportation process of patients with burning, scalding or serious injuries, the present invention may prevent the wound of the patient from contacting contaminants to reduce the infection opportunity and also to save the space and cost for the hospitals to build dedicated isolation passages.
