Formulations and uses thereof of hard deer antler harvested from deer in the time period after stripping to the time period before casting. The formulations of hard deer antler upon administration to an animal (a) increases osteoblast cell function or (b) decreases osteoclast cell function or (c) increases osteoblast cell function and decreases osteoblast cell function. The hard deer antler is used for the treatment of osteoporosis and/or bone fractures.
