Disclosed is the use of an anthocyanoside and/or an aglycon thereof or extracts containing them to prepare topical or systemic medicinal products for the treatment of mucositis. Preferably, the anthocyanoside is cyanidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin, Proanthocyanidin A2 or B2 or an extract of Vaccinium myrtillus or Vitis vinifera .