The technology corresponds to nanoparticles based on chitosan for the transport of peptides with activity in the central nervous system, consisting of: (a) chitosan, as a base; (b) sodium triplyphosphate (TPP), as a cross-linking agent; and (c) thiamine pyrophosphate (TDP), as a signalling agent. These nanoparticles are used to produce a medicament that can be used for treating disorders of the central nervous system and can be administered intravenously or intranasally.