The method of segmenting single neuron images with high-dynamic-range thresholds of the present invention includes (a) preparing a biological tissue sample containing neurons and performing imaging to this sample to obtain a three-dimensional raw neuroimage (b) deleting voxels in the three-dimensional raw neuroimage with signal intensities below a first signal intensity threshold to obtain a first thresholded image (c) tracing the first thresholded image to obtain a first traced image (d) calculating a structural importance score of every voxel in the first traced image to obtain a first structural importance score of every voxel (e) gradually increasing the signal intensity threshold and repeating (b), (c) and (d) n−1 times (f) summing up all the n structural importance scores of every voxel (g) deleting voxels with summed structural importance score smaller than a pre-determined value from the raw image to obtain the segmented single neuron.
