A method to immediately treat cerebral ischemia caused by hemorrhage, thrombosis or spasm is described. The method requires an apparatus comprising a tight fitting non-rebreathing mask with one way expiratory valves and a pressure regulated source of compressed oxygen. The mask may have an optional port for the administration of nitric oxide. Use of this apparatus can oxygenate and denitrogenate ischemic brain tissue and decrease infarct size. Little training is required for proper use of the apparatus which can be purchased for less than 75 USD in the United States. Similar to a fire extinguisher, this apparatus can be stored in the home and at work available for emergency use especially for those at high risk for stroke. A clinical trial should be conducted to assure that this therapy does no harm regardless of the etiology of cerebral ischemia. The cost of such a trial is not expected to be prohibitive and the institutional review board overseeing such a study should recognize the expected low risk to benefit ratio.
