Disclosed herein is a platelet membrane-coated nanovehicle having an inner core comprising a drug delivery matrix, and an outer shell platelet membrane coating the inner core. The inner core can be any drug delivery matrix capable of delivering a therapeutic agent to a cell. The outer shell platelet membrane can be a natural or synthetic membrane comprising platelet proteins capable of interacting with cancer cells. Also disclosed is a method for treating cancer in a subject that involves administering to the subject a platelet membrane-coated nanovehicle disclosed herein. Also disclosed is a method for treating vascular disease in a subject that involves administering to the subject a platelet membrane-coated nanovehicle disclosed herein.