The invention is generally directed to promoting M1-type (macrophage M1 polarization) immune response by administering a compound that modulates macrophage activation. The invention is directed to the use of an antibody able to bind to CSF-IR for modulating macrophage activation. The invention is also directed to methods for evaluating the dose efficacy of an antibody able to bind to CSF-IR in a patient by assessing the in vivo or in vitro activation of macrophages. The invention is further directed to post-treatment companion test and assays to assess the effect of an antibody able to bind to CSF-IR on a subject being treated.
