1. The use of at least one living mycobacterium from the M. tuberculosis complex, in which the function of the zmp1 gene is at least partially inactivated, preferably inactivated, for the manufacture of a medicament. The use according to claim 1, wherein the mycobacterium is M. bovis, preferably M. bovis BCG, or M. tuberculosis. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mycobacterium is not virulent. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mycobacterium includes genetic material encoding an antigen and / or immunogen exogenous or foreign to mycobacteria. The use according to claim 4, wherein the antigen and / or immunogen is selected from the group consisting of antigens and immunogens of viruses, protozoa originating from tumor cells, bacteria and fungi, preferably selected from the group consisting of antigens and / or immunogens originating from H .pylori, rubella virus, mumps virus, measles virus, B.burgdorferi, herpes virus, papilloma virus, Pneumococcus spp, tumor cells, Leishmania, HIV and SIV.6. The use according to claim 1 or 2, for the prevention and / or treatment of diseases or health conditions associated with the expression of an antigen and / or immunogen of mycobacteria. The use according to claim 1 or 2 for the prevention and / or treatment of mycobacterial infections, preferably M. tuberculosis infection. The use according to claim 1 or 2 for the prevention and / or treatment of a disease or medical condition selected from the group consisting of ulcers, rubella, mumps, measles, Lyme disease, herpes, cancer, tetanus, diphtheria, leishmaniasis and AIDS. A pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active substance, at least one living mycobacterium from the M. tuberculosis complex, in which the function of the zmp1 gene is at least h1. Применение, по меньшей мере, одной живой микобактерии из комплекса M.tuberculosis, в которой функция гена zmp1, по меньшей мере, частично инактивирована, предпочтительно инактивирована для изготовления л
