The present invention provides improved and/or shortened processes and methods for preparing TILs in order to prepare therapeutic populations of TILs with increased therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), wherein the NSCLC is refractory to treatment with an anti-PD-1 antibody.本發明提供用於製備TIL之經改善及/或縮短的過程及方法,藉以製備具有增加治療療效之用於治療非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)之治療性TIL族群,其中該NSCLC為抗PD-1抗體治療所難治療者。