PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a fuel synthesis catalyst which provides a catalyst having a large specific area while simplifying the production process, and a method for producing hydrocarbons.SOLUTION: The method for producing a fuel synthesis catalyst comprises: a step of forming a carbon-dispersed solution where a water-soluble salt of a metal, which exhibits a catalytic activity for a fuel synthesis reaction, and a co-catalyst are dissolved in an aqueous or an alcohol solution, and a carbon material is dispersed therein; and a step of calcination where the carbon material is removed and an oxide of the metal is formed by calcinating the carbon-dispersed solution obtained in the step of forming a carbon-dispersed solution. Hydrocarbons are synthesized using the catalyst by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen under conditions of pressure of 0.5 MPa to 5 MPa and temperature of 423 K and 673 K.
