[Problem] To provide a rice flour–based tempura flour composition that does not include wheat flour, and a food processing method using the composition. [Solution] This rice flour–based tempura flour composition is characterized by comprising 2 parts by weight of silicon, 0.8–1.5 parts by weight of baking powder, 1.1–2.5 parts by weight of a sugar ester, 15–19.2 parts by weight of starch, 70.5–76 parts by weight of rice flour, 3.5–6.3 parts by weight of calcium lactate, and 0.05 parts by weight of carotene. The present invention also provides a food processing method using the composition.