The invention discloses application of anhydroicaritin in preparation of medicine curing or preventing myelodysplastic syndrome, and belongs to the field of medicine. The anhydroicaritin is traditional Chinese medicine monomer extracted from conventional traditional Chinese medicine epimedium, and can remarkably increase peripheral blood hemocyte amount and improve peripheral blood dyshaematopoiesis when the anhydroicaritin is used for curing a myelodysplastic syndrome patient the curative effect of the anhydroicaritin is superior to that of an epimedium extractive and icariin the anhydroicaritin is definite in curative effect and low in side effect when being used for curing myelodysplastic syndrome, and has a wide medical application prospect.
