The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for a systemic approach to plant-based ecosystem management, including for juxtaposing, processing, organising, and visualizing data relevant to plant-based ecosystems, such as agricultural ecosystems, and delineating external interventions into such systems, such as human interventions, including those with automated machines. Recognizing the time-based—；for example, seasonal—；nature of plant-based ecosystems, this invention) juxtaposes relevant—；but often previously dispersed—；data types, 2) organizes them in tensors of customizable dimensions so as to facilitate modeling and in particular deep neural network and other deep machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches that take into account time-based, or other variable-based, changes to identify areas of interest within given land parcels, and 3) visualizes the data so as to highlight time-based, or other variable-based, relationships and trends. Such steps facilitate the development of individual plant or sub-land-parcel prescriptions for human intervention aimed at optimizing ecosystem output traits in the current season while considering their impact on subsequent seasons, thereby enabling the systematic management of plant-based ecosystems.
