A fluid transfer system 1A includes a multi-jointed robot 20, a syringe actuator 30 configured to pull and push a plunger of a syringe 17, and a controller 100. The controller 100 performs control of the multi-jointed robot 20 so as to make a needle (17e) of the syringe (17) puncture the vessel (16) in a state where the vessel (16) is disposed on the lower side of the syringe (17) and control of the syringe actuator 30 so as to absorb a liquid in the vial 16 into the syringe 17 by pulling the plunger in a state where the vial 16 is disposed on an upper side of the syringe 17.