1. A surgical instrument comprising: an elongated shaft with opposite jaws at the distal end； a handle housing connected to the proximal end of the elongated shaft and having a trigger element that opens and closes the opposing jaws； a bias switch located in the handle body and selectively moving between the first configuration, in which the opposite branches are displaced to the open position, and the second configuration in which the opposite branches are displaced to the closed position. 2. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the biasing switch includes an opening spring and a closing spring, wherein the opening spring is designed to bias the opposing jaws to the open position, and the closing spring is designed to bias the opposing jaws to the closed position. The surgical tool according to claim 2, in which the bias switch further includes a lever located in the handle housing between the opening and closing springs, the lever being configured to compress the opening spring, thereby displacing the opposed branches in the open position, as well as to compress a closing spring, thus displacing the opposite branches in a closed position. 4. The surgical instrument according to claim 3, in which the closing spring is placed between the lever and the proximal sleeve connected to the drive element passing through the elongated shaft and connected to the opposite branches, and the breaking spring is placed between the lever and the distal sleeve connected to the drive element. Surgical instrument1. Хирургический инструмент, содержащий:продолговатый вал с противолежащими браншами на дистальном конце；корпус рукоятки, соединенный с проксимальным концом продолговатого вала и имеющий пусковой элемент, размыкающий и замыкающий противолежащие бранши；смещающий переключатель, размещенный в корпусе рукоятки и избирательно перемещающийся между первой конфигурацией, в которой противолежащие бранши смещаются в разомкнутое положение, и второй конфигурацией, в кото
