Provided are an ablation needle component (100) and an ablation system (200). The ablation needle component (100) comprises a hollow outer sleeve (30) and an ablation needle (10)； the outer sleeve (30) is movably sleeved outside an electrode needle body (11) of the ablation needle (10), and is detachably connected with an ablation handle (12)； after the ablation operation is completed, the ablation needle (10) can be disassembled from the outer sleeve (30), the outer sleeve (30) still stays in tissues and provides a passage for other operations, such as biopsy, thereby avoiding repeated puncture and reducing damage to tissues. The electrode needle body (11) is connected to a driving part (123) inside the ablation handle (12)； while the ablation needle component (100) remains being punctured into a diseased region, the driving part (123) is used to drive the electrode needle body (11) to move relative to the outer sleeve (30), so as to adjust in vivo and in real time the length of the far end of the electrode needle body (11) stretching out of the outer sleeve (30), that is, the effective ablation length can be adjusted in vivo and in real time, thus adapting to the ablation demands of different diseased parts or different patients. The ablation needle component (100) and the ablation system (200) in the present application are particularly applicable to the HCM radiofrequency ablation treatment.L'invention concerne un ensemble aiguille d'ablation (100) et un système d'ablation (200). L'ensemble aiguille d'ablation (100) comprend un manchon externe creux (30) et une aiguille d'ablation (10), le manchon externe (30) étant gainé de façon mobile à l'extérieur d'un corps principal d'aiguille d'électrode (11) de l'aiguille d'ablation (10) et étant relié de manière détachable à une poignée d'ablation (12； après achèvement d'une opération d'ablation, l'aiguille d'ablation (10) peut être désassemblée du manchon externe (30), et le manchon externe (30) demeure toujours dans u
