The use of 3-O-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A or monophosphoryl lipid A andderivatives and analogs thereof, in combination with a cytokine or lymphokinesuch as granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor or interleukin-12 isuseful as an adjuvant combination in an antigenic composition to enhance theimmune response in a vertebrate host to a selected antigen.