#$%^&*AU2016204339A120160721.pdf#####ABSTRACT PD-I antagonists are disclosed that can be used to reduce the expression or activity of PD-1 in a subject. An immune response specific to an infectious agent or to tumor 5 cells can be enhanced using these PD- I antagonists in conjunction with an antigen from the infectious agent or tumor. Thus, subjects with infections, such as persistent infections can be treated using PD-I antagonists. In addition, subjects with tumors can be treated using the PD-1 antagonists. In several examples, subjects can be treated by transplanting a therapeutically effective amount of activated T cells that 10 recognize an antigen of interest and by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a PD-I antagonist.
