The present invention provides methods for treatment or prevention of pulmonary hypertension and emphysema using agents that increase activity of FHIT, such as Enzastaurin. Included are methods for using levels of FHIT and/or BMPR2, and checking for mutations in FHIT and/or BMPR2, to select patients for treatment or to monitor effectiveness of treatment. The invention is based on evidence that Enzastaurin prevents and reverses pulmonary hypertension induced in animal model systems, and that it acts by up-regulation of FHIT and/or BMPR2.