A method includes delivering, via a first stimulation element and during a treatment period, stimulation to an upper airway patency-related nerve to cause contraction of upper airway patency-related muscles. The method also may include delivering upon detecting central sleep apnea behavior, via a second stimulation element and during a treatment period, stimulation to a central sleep apnea-related nerve. The method also may include delivering the stimulation to the upper airway patency-related nerve independently of a decisional process and trigger to deliver stimulation to the different central sleep apnea-related nerve.
