Portable devices for anti-drug antibody (ADA) testing, to estimate safety and/or efficacy of therapeutic agents are provided. These devices can be used to perform point of care risk assessment for various applications, including but not restricted to one or more of the following: selection of therapeutic drug for patient treatment； evaluation of the need to change therapeutic drug or to apply tolerance regimens； patient immune status prior and after vaccination； selection of patients for clinical trials； comparison of therapeutic drugs marketed for a given disease and also gene therapy； testing pre-existing antibodies as a risk factor； postmarketing surveillance of therapeutic drugs.
