A hydraulic drive system for an operating table, the system comprising an oil supplying device for providing hydraulic oil, an oil returning device and an oil returning circuit assembly； the oil returning circuit assembly comprises two oil cylinders (261, 262), two reversing valve assemblies and two two-way hydraulic locks； a rodless cavity (2611, 2621) of each oil cylinder is connected to a working interface of the reversing valve assembly via a first oil path (31), and a rod cavity (2612, 2622) of each oil cylinder is connected to another working interface of the reversing valve assembly via a second oil path (32)； an oil returning opening of each reversing valve assembly is connected to the oil returning device via an oil returning path (30)； the oil returning path (30) is provided with an on-off control valve thereon； and the first oil path (31) and the second oil path (32) are subjected to two-w control via the two-way hydraulic lock. The system enables piston rods of the two oil cylinders (261, 262) to move independently and to move synchronously, thus simplifying a system structure, providing reliability and reducing cost.
