The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, a functional health food composition, a quasi-drug composition, and a cosmetic composition containing eugenol or a derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active ingredient, for preventing, treating or alleviating atopic dermatitis. The eugenol or derivative thereof of the present invention has an excellent antipruritic effect on atopic dermatitis, and thus, the eugenol or derivative thereof is a compound which can overcome the side effects of conventionally used therapeutic agents for atopic dermatitis, and displays excellent therapeutic effects without toxicity. Therefore, the eugenol or derivative thereof can be useful as a composition for preventing, treating and alleviating atopic dermatitis.
