We disclose multi-electrode, energy-recycling, resonant stimulation circuits and strategies for energy-efficient blocking of action potentials in nerve. Our schemes increase the probability that most of the electrical stimulation is directed through the nerve rather than dissipated in ohmic extracellular solution alongside it via mechanical and electrical means； they use energy-recycling and resonant-amplification strategies that recycle and amplify capacitive nerve energy such that the nerve itself becomes an integral part of the circuit creating its oscillatory blocking waveform； they use traveling-wave strategies with distributed multi-electrode stimulation that alters the timing and intensity of stimulation at various points along the nerve to synchronize blocking stimulation with wave propagation in the nerve in an energy-efficient fashion. The schemes operate synergistically in a medical device to create advanced energy-efficient nerve-blocking stimulators whose operation may be altered and adapted in a feedback fashion to sensed action potentials in the nerve.
