The invention provides a probe device, a precision detection method, a precision detection system, and a positioning system. The probe device includes a positioning part and a guide detection part, wherein the positioning part is provided with a support having three or more non-collinear positioning element installed thereon, and the guide detection part is connected with the support, has a first preset positional relation with the positioning elements, and has a cylindrical outer contour matched with a guide element of the positioning system. The precision of the guide element can be accurately detected, so that the control precision of a surgical robot is effectively improved, and the system safety is improved.
