The present invention relates to compositions and methods for modulation of TH17 responses. The invention provides compositions for the induction of TH17 responses containing a TLR agonist and an apoptotic cell-associated agent or containing a microbe-infected apoptotic cell. The compositions of the present invention may also contain dendritic cells capable of inducing TH17 responses. In other embodiments, the invention provides compositions for the inhibition of TH17 responses containing one or more blocking agents. Methods and compositions for the modulation of TH17 responses and for the treatment of TH17-associated diseases and for cancer are also provided.