A surface-modified biocompatible nanofibril can provide a nanofiber support capable of three-dimensional cell culture by being combined with a hydrophilic polymer comprising an extracellular matrix (ECM) material. The present invention provides the surface-modified biocompatible nanofibril which can combine an extracellular matrix (ECM) material, which is a hydrophilic polymer.표면개질된 생체적합성 나노피브릴이 세포외기질(ECM) 물질을 포함하는 친수성 폴리머와 결합하여 3차원 세포 배양이 가능한 나노섬유 지지체를 제공할 수 있다.