Provided is an observation system and a light source control device that can more efficiently generate observation light used for special observation different from normal observation and can perform the special observation more efficiently. The light source includes a plurality of light sources that emit light in different wavelength bands that can generate white light by multiplexing, and light emitted from some of the plurality of light sources. An optical system that irradiates the first target with the light, an imaging device that captures a captured image of the first target irradiated with the first light, and a luminance of a pixel corresponding to a predetermined wavelength band of the captured image. An observation system comprising: a light source control unit that controls a light amount of the first light based on the light source control unit. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1【課題】通常観察とは異なる特殊観察に用いる観察光をより効率的に生成し、該特殊観察をより効率的に行うことが可能な観察システム、および光源制御装置を提供する。【解決手段】合波することで白色光を生成可能な、異なる波長帯域の光を出射する複数の光源と、前記複数の光源のうちの一部の光源から出射された光にて構成される第１の光を観察対象に照射する光学系と、前記第１の光が照射された観察対象の撮像画像を撮像する撮像装置と、前記撮像画像の所定の波長帯域に対応する画素の輝度に基づいて、前記第１の光の光量を制御する光源制御部と、を備える、観察システム。【選択図】図１
