PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface modification method for a vulcanized rubber or a thermoplastic elastomer, by which various functionalities such as sliding property can be economically and advantageously imparted in accordance with purposes of use.SOLUTION: The surface modification method is applied to a vulcanized rubber or a thermoplastic elastomer as a modification target, and the method includes: a step 1 of forming a polymerization initiation point (A) on a surface of the modification target and a step 2 of growing a nonfunctional polymer chain by radical polymerization of nonfunctional monomers starting from the polymerization initiation point (A), and further growing a fluorine-containing urethane (meth)acrylate polymer chain by radical polymerization of fluorine-containing urethane (meth)acrylate monomers.
