This invention provides new and novel devices and methods for administering lithium (Li) ions to a mammalian subject, especially delivery of the lithium (Li) ions to a body component for example across a body or tissue surface such as skin or a mucosal membrane, or for the delivery of the lithium ions directly to bodily fluids in a controllable and reproducible manner. In certain embodiments the device comprises a donor electrode that is a donor of the lithium ions a protective architecture that is ionically conductive to the lithium ions, configured for application to a skin surface and positioned to isolate said donor electrode from the skin surface and a counter electrode configured for application to the skin surface, where said counter electrode is operably coupled to said donor electrode.
