The presently disclosed subject matter relates to iron oxide nanoparticle compositions and formulations thereof for: (1) the treatment and elimination of biofilms； (2) the prevention of biofilm formation； (3) biofilm extracellular matrix degradation； (4) the inhibition of bacterial viability and growth within the biofilm； and (5) the prevention of tooth or apatitic demineralization. In particular, the presently disclosed subject matter provides a composition for the prevention and treatment of an oral disease (e.g., dental caries) that includes one or more iron oxide nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide.
