Disclosed herein are biomarkers related to the identification or diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in a subject. The disclosed biomarkers and related methods are used to detect or predict Parkinson's disease status in a subject. The disclosed biomarkers and methods can be utilized to determine nature of Parkinson's disease, progression, or responsiveness to a treatment or prophylaxis. Some embodiments include methods of detecting the presence of a biomarker associated with a patient. Some embodiments of the methods include generating a report for clinical disease evaluation or management. Some embodiments of the compositions include associated kits, peptides, binding members, and uses thereof. Also provided are methods and compositions for diagnosing, preventing, and treating Parkinson's disease in a subject in need thereof.
