596339 Disclosed herein is a method for controlling (e.g. inhibiting) or killing microorganisms in an aqueous environment. The method includes the addition of an effective amount of monochlorourea or modified monochlorourea, such as N-chloro-N,N&rsquo-dimethylurea or N-chloro-N,N&rsquo-dimethylurea, to an aqueous solution. This aqueous solution may be a cooling water system, a recreational water system, a water treatment facility, or any circulating water system (i.e. a papermaking facility). A method of producing monochlorourea or modified monochlorourea is also disclosed.