The invention provides a method of treating a melanoma comprising (i) identifying a patient having a PD-L1 positive melanoma and (ii) administering to the patient an anti-PD-1 antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof (“an anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy”). The methods of the invention can extend progression-free survival for over 12 months and/or reduces the tumor size at least about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, or about 50% compared to the tumor size prior to the administration.
