A method of upregulating an anti-inflammatory response in a central nervous system (CNS) of a subject in need thereof is disclosed. The method comprising locally administering to the CNS of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of IFN-beta, thereby upregulating the anti-inflammatory response in the CNS of the subject. Methods of treating an inflammation in a CNS or treating a disease, disorder, condition or injury of a CNS of a subject are also disclosed.
